Understanding Diversity Within The 21st Century - 1272 Words

In analyzing the history of mankind, there seems to be a disturbing trend that threads through the accounts of inchoate relations between peoples of different races. We find that when human beings from heterogeneous societies encounter other human beings from other heterogeneous societies, the differences between those human beings tends to evoke distrust, ire, and disgust. â€Å"Us-against-them† constructs are summarily built, as people put up mental-emotional barriers for â€Å"protection,† in whatever form they need it to take. Although some (very exceptional) people conceive of the differences between themselves and others as nothing more than negligible physical details, others struggle to understand why they should give equal treatment to†¦show more content†¦According to Mullings (2005), nation-building efforts by Europeans were inherently racializing in how those efforts relied so heavily upon slavery. By exploiting human beings for labor, preying on th eir sense of self-worth and self-esteem, Europeans were able to build massive infrastructure without expending their own physical efforts to do so. (Mullings, 2005) This was one of the main goals of the slavery system; to create infrastructure in a way that positions the laborers themselves (rather than the labor itself) to be â€Å"commodities.† In order for such a system to perpetuate, there has to be a lack of empathy from the non-enslaved humans, so that they envision the enslaved humans as objects rather than â€Å"people.† From this point of view, a â€Å"person† is a coveted title which is only bestowed upon the so-called â€Å"elite† race. This de-humanization and its broad acceptance through propaganda and distorting belief systems is what enables racism to begin with. (Mullings, 2005) Through the de-humanization that underpinned the European slavery system/s, elite (non-enslaved) white races inherited a self-concept of superiority over enslaved, non-white races. De-humanization was crucial in perpetuating the oppression that facilitated the nation-building efforts of European settlers. Mullings (2005) discusses how through the generations that kept these systems maintained, a sense of nationalism was able to proliferate. In other words, slavery (andShow MoreRelatedMy Philosophy Of Teaching And Learning Programs Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pages2016). My learning philosophy is derived from the constructivist philosophy whereby students are active participants in their learning in order to be able to transfer information into new situations to promote deeper levels of understanding which caters for the diversity of each child. 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Italian Renaissance Arts Affect on Todays Culture Essay

Italian Renaissance Arts Affect on Todays Culture World History Many of us today have things in our culture that we appreciate without thinking about where they have come from. The things we enjoy so much could be from another culture, and even another place in time. This document will explore the influence of Italian Renaissance art on todays civilization, which has greatly changed the art of today. The Renaissance was a time period that began in the early 1300s and lasted into the 1600s. It was a time when the philosophies of the ancient Greek and Romans were rediscovered, which took place after the Middle Ages. Many of the philosophies of the Middle Ages were no longer accepted, and the Renaissance brought about a revamped†¦show more content†¦During the Renaissance, all that changed. Artists then included an emphasis on human beings and the environment, which shown that this is indication of changes in their culture at the time. Renaissance individualism and realism found their greatest and most lasting representation in the visual a rts (Walker 77). There were many great artists spread across the time of the Renaissance. Some of them were leading the way in new artistic techniques created during the Renaissance, while others used inspiration from a past artisan to establish their own styles and methods. About a century before the art caught on, a Florentine painter by the name of Giotto was the first to break away from the Middle Age style of painting. Giotto was the towering artistic genius of the 14th century, so far ahead of his time that no other painter approached his level of work for almost a hundred years (Walker 78). Even though Giotto was ahead, he lacked the awareness of perspective, but he used space, light, and color to create a very strong sense of the human form, along with a storytellers ability to capture the central moment in a particular scene (Walker 78). One of the important pieces of the revolution that Giotto started was that he established painting as a major art for the next six centuries, and he also founded the method of pictorial experiment through observation (Gardener 568). After Giotto there was a architect that came along in the early

Taxi Driver Free Essays

string(156) " final confrontation with Betsy at her place of work, he exhibits a new qualities of violence and almost throws a punch at one of Betsy’s co-workers\." In the American film classic, Taxi Driver directed by Martin Scorcese, Travis Bickle’s personality and point of view of reality are heavily twisted. His disassociation with the norm and extreme mental states of mind depict the life of a deranged, depraved, and lonely Vietnam veteran. His terrible social skills are an apparent sign of mental illness and continue to drive Travis into deeper levels of solidarity. We will write a custom essay sample on Taxi Driver or any similar topic only for you Order Now This loneliness gradually fuels Travis into living a miserable and misanthropic life. Travis’s social ineptitude inevitably leads to his isolation and distorted perception of himself and the rest of society. The film opens with Travis being interview and accepting the job as a taxi driver. He explains his willingness to work lots of extra hours and preference for night shifts is due to his inability to sleep. It is revealed then that Travis suffers from insomnia. Although Insomnia is a serious disease, Travis seems complacent and shows no interest in curing himself. Even in the first scene of the film, it is already exposed that Travis suffers from at least one mental disorder yet has no aspirations to improve himself. Upon getting the job and exiting his place of work, he proceeds to pull out a flask of what is perceived to be alcohol and starts drinking it in the clear of day on the street. He displays no inclination that his actions are not the acceptable social norm. After a long twelve hour shift, Travis reflects on how the city of Manhattan has become a dump for degenerate punks and prostitutes. He perceives the New York nightlife he caters to and drives around as garbage polluting his town. He himself then enters a dirty porn theater once he’s off-duty. He does not see the similarities between himself and the other pervs and goons of New York City. He sees them as lowly scum that are responsible for the dirtiness of the city, even though he is apart of the same dreary world he despises. The constant encounters with lowlifes and trash creates Travis’s view of the city as a terrible and mediocre place, while he forgets about how during the daytime the streets of Manhattan are much different. His only evidence to judge the city is through the brief interactions and conversations between himself and his patrons. And with most of them being drunks and criminals, Travis is left with a distrustful and negative view of what the inhabitants of the city where he lives. He is alone and only has himself to create assumption of what reality really is, and unfortunately with his mental illnesses he is in dyer need of someone to guide him towards reality. Yet when Travis attempts to find someone who can give him companionship and help him, his lack of social skills only push people farther away. When purchasing his ticket for the porn theater, Travis tries to initiate a relatively normal conversation with the young woman at the concessions. She shows obvious disgust towards Travis but with this unbeknownst to him he continues the conversation and presses her for her name. Upon failing, he enters the theater but doesn’t seem to understand why she was so resistant to introduce herself. His inability to pick up on social cues only confuses Travis and separates him even more from social interaction. Travis then sits alone in the theater with the various purchased candies sleep deprived and further drifts into his own little world. Even the relationship with his family has been severed because of Travis purposely lying to family through the mail. He has been telling them for what is assumed many years that he has been healthy and fine but is now working for the federal government and is unable to give them his real home address. These blatant lies prove Travis’s reality is not like our own and also shows how his mental illnesses have successfully removed him from a sane state of mind. Travis’s doomed future of complete and utter insanity is surprisingly sidetracked when he sees Betsy for the first time. At his first site of her he describes her begin an angel, the purest of beings among the dirt and scum of the city. He envisions her as angelic perfection and of course, due to his lacking social skills begins spying on her from his cab for a number of weeks to the point that Betsy actually notices his stalking. Though eventually Travis gets the stregnth to ask her out. He dresses noticeably nicer than usual and appears to act as normal as he physically can. Betsy’s first impression of Travis is seen with much curiosity. He interests her because of his odd and quirky demeanor and agrees to go out for coffee with him. Travis successfully takes her out for coffee without any problems of showing his ineptitude in social situation. Following their coffee date, Travis’s decides to take Betsy to a movie. His relationship with Betsy ends with him bringing her to a film at one of the porn theaters he frequents instead of a regular cinema. The choice of venue disgusts Betsy and leaves her in contempt for Travis. And after several attempts to win her back with gifts and hundreds of phone calls Travis justifies himself by concluding she is not the angel he envisioned earlier but really just like all the other dirt he’s surrounded by. He had destroyed the only relationship he had in the world because he was not able to realize what was socially acceptable. Though Travis was quick to write Betsy off as just another scum of the city, his anger and disappointment towards grow increasingly more visible. Before his fling with Betsy he had only been a secluded and seemingly content with his life. He was fine with how he lived and saw nothing wrong with his skewed view of reality. But after his final confrontation with Betsy at her place of work, he exhibits a new qualities of violence and almost throws a punch at one of Betsy’s co-workers. You read "Taxi Driver" in category "Papers" Travis’s spark of violence is implodes when he has a passenger which forever changes his psyche. The passenger directs Travis to park across the street from a specific apartment building. At the angle they parked the man witnesses his wife through the window of another man’s apartment. As Travis listens from the driver’s seat, he hears the furious man’s deliberation of how he will make his wife pay for cheating on him. The man’s violent and graphic detailing of his of he is going to murder his wife and her lover affects Travis in very powerful ways. Travis’s lack of interaction with people leaves him vulnerable and very impressionable. The encounter he has with the patron is more interaction than he has had since his break up with Betsy. Even with Travis remaining completely silent through the event he is detrimentally changed. He irrationally takes the man’s horrific description as a sign of determination and strength. He almost seems to admire the man’s ability to take control of the situation and do what he believes is fair and just. Even while the man continually says â€Å"You must think I’m pretty sick† Travis seems to be already planning his own similar plan on doing his own vigilante law enforcement. Following that night, Travis concludes he is destined to do justice and clean the dirt off the streets himself. Just as the passenger had planned to do, he believed to do what is right you must take matters into your own hands. Travis sees this as an opportunity to get rid of the scum polluting his city and to prove to himself that he is someone who has made in impact. This is the ultimate breaking point for Travis. He seems to have cut any strands he had with reality and is only viewing the world as his own playground for justice. He immediately begins changing his life style. He begins daily regiments of exercise and weight training. He starts to drink and eat healthier and no longer drinks alcohol or consumes medications. He also trains his body for combat and pushes his body and mind to new limits, even sticking his hand into scolding flames to learn pain suppression. His obsession with his body and mind makes Travis an empty canister of dangerous ideas. These new life choices all occur at the same time he buys four guns from an illegal dealer. He tells the man he is going to change his life and eagerly practices using his weapons upon buying them while pointing them at innocent civilians in the street below the building he is in. This makes Travis even more dangerous and likely to be violent. His perception of right and wrong are invisible and his objectives seem to illogical, irrational, and completely insane. These objectives culminate into him becoming hell-bent on making the dirt of his home pay and feels it is time for him to truly make a difference. His course of action to change the city for good fixates onto Iris. Iris is an underage prostitute which Travis had only came in brief contact with before deciding she would be his â€Å"damsel in distress†. He begins his quest to save her from the slums she is living in and get her back to a safe regular life that he feels she deserves. He is obsessed with making an impact in Iris’s life and by doing so fulfilling what he believes is his purpose in life. It is clear at this point that Travis no longer has any concept of reality or even the law. He has no fear of the outcome of his actions and then decides to assassinate Palantine, a leading presidential candidate whom is also Betsy’s boss. These actions are what Travis sees as his last stand against the world and all of it’s evils and problems. Determined to make a difference he arrives at the rally Palantine is having and readies himself knowing he will most likely die. Confident he will die during the attempt, he leaves a letter with 500 dollars in it explaining he is probably dead by the time she reads the letter. He has lost all rationality and has no second thoughts on staying alive. He has no connection with the world yet he is focused on changing it. Fortunately, his assassination attempt fails and Travis flees from secret service. Surprised to still be alive, Travis goes to the apartment which Iris and her pimp, Sport, use for her services. Still armed to the teeth, he quickly kills Sport while he is guarding the entrance to where Iris is. A gun fight ensues resulting in Travis being shot multiple times but killing the others involved. He sees scared and trembling Iris and feels he has done his job successfully. The belief that he succeeded conveys that Travis has completely extroverted himself from normalcy and has no longer has a sane thought in his mind. Once completing his objective he tries to commit suicide multiple times but fails because of his guns are empty and he has ran out of bullets. Now that he is fulfilled his duty he feels useless and accepts his fate to die. As he sits and bleeds out through his many bullet holes the police arrive only to find him miming a gun and â€Å"shooting† himself in the head. The police take him and he remarkably survives though goes into a coma for many months. Upon finally waking up he sees that he has been proclaimed a hero by the city for killing off the multiple criminals he had shot. Travis’s actions had been viewed positively by the public who saw him as a symbol for morals and a model citizen. His attempt to kill Palantine was unknown and his plans that were driven by insanity were seen as acts of bravery. Only when Travis was completely distanced and separated from society by his mental illness do they recognize him. And ironically recognize him in a positive way not realizing that he is truly needs help and psychological examination. Travis’s dive into psychosis was a collaboration of mental illness which he could no longer subdue. Each one triggering a stronger and powerful response which led him into the depths of solitude and isolation. He was without social stimulation for extensive periods of time and his lack of interaction with others only led to his psychological demise. Not many people came into contact with Travis but when they did they impacted him in very extreme ways. These interactions led to Travis making decisive actions and decision which forced him out of control. He was tragdically without help and unable to even ask for some because he didn’t even realize there was anything wrong with himself in the first place. His mental problems created a young man who spiraled out of control without the ability to stop and understand his problems. His escalations led to him not only not able to see reality correctly but also not realize he needed help and was suffering from multiple mental illnesses. How to cite Taxi Driver, Papers

Shakespeare Assignment Essay Example For Students

Shakespeare Assignment Essay Romeo and Juliet is a play which combines both love and hatred. It is split into scenes of dramatic violence and scenes of romance. Romeo and Juliet shows the hatred of enemies and the havoc love can cause. Romance and tragedy is the main themes of the play. Romeo and Juliet are in love with each other however there is a considerable feud between their families. Romeo comes from the Montague family and Juliet is from the Capulet family. Firstly, in the play Capulet is very affectionate towards his daughter, Juliet. After Juliet says she cannot marry Paris, he is distraught and threatens to throw her out of the Capulet household. Her father is infuriated and starts to insult her. He calls her a young baggage, disobedient wretch!, green sickness carrion, tallow-face. He says to Juliet that if she does not go to church to be married, he tells her not to look at him in the face. He threatens that hell sling her out onto the streets, where she will beg and starve. And you be not, hang, beg and starve, die in the streets. We first see Lord Capulet in Act one Scene one, when he discovers that a furious riot develops. He wants to fight with the Montagues which shows us that his character is kind hearted from the outside but greedy and violent from the inside. We see in the beginning of the play, Act one Scene two, where Lord Capulet is talking to Paris. Capulet says he will agree if Juliet consents. My will to her consent is but a part; and she agreed, within her scope of her choice, lies my consent and fair according voice. Fathers of that time expected their daughters to agree to whatever their parents asked and were very vulnerable. The attitude we get towards his daughter is as if Juliet is a toy doll waiting to be tagged along and says that she is new to the world. My child is yet a stranger to the world. It seems here that he is a concerned and caring father as he doesnt want to damage her. Capulets attitude towards Paris is understanding and calm. Capulet says he wants Paris as a son-in-law although Juliet is still young: a stranger in the world. However, he says if Juliet agrees to the marriage of Paris, he will agree as well. When we first meet Juliet, she is with the nurse. Juliets attitude towards her mother is very polite and formal: she calls her Madam not mother. Lady Capulet tells Juliet about marriage and Juliet listens without interrupting. Juliet seems to be an obedient and sedate character. We learn from the feast that Capulet is cool and collected as we see him react generously and as a spirited person to the appearance of Romeo Tybalt appeared to be exceptionally angry with Romeos appearance as he calls Romeo a villain. However, Capulet compliments Romeo instead of arguing: And to say truth, Verona brags of him, to be virtuous and well governed youth. Was Capulet saying this because he did not want to displease the guests or was it coming from Capulets kind heartedness? Lord Capulet arranges for Juliet to marry Paris without asking Juliet as he said he did not have time to talk to her due to the death of Tybalt. This is where Capulet starts to think about himself: unsympathetic father more than thinking what his daughter will feel. Capulet thinks that Juliet is upset because of Tybalts death. He is unaware that Juliet is crying because her husband Romeo has fled Verona and is banished to Mantua. He expected Juliet to agree to the wedding arrangements as fathers of that period expected their daughters to be obedient. Lord Capulet is astounded and shocked when Juliet refuses to marry Paris. His violent behaviour and enraged attitude shows absolutely opposite behaviour compared to the appearance of Romeo at the feast. I think he behaves in this way as he may think the families reputation may go downhill because of Juliet. He may also act like this because he may be thinking of all the arrangements the Capulets have done for Juliet. Lady Capulet refuses to help her daughter as she says that she has had enough of Juliet. Talk not to me, for Ill not speak a word do as thou wilt, for I have done with thee. This shows that the bonding between Juliet and her mother is unconvincing. Lady Capulet is mainly on the side of her husband and she has shown no sympathy towards her daughter and not offered much support. Therefore, she may only care about the wealth and reputation of Paris. .u3cd754eeb61263df7111ef8d68e030c2 , .u3cd754eeb61263df7111ef8d68e030c2 .postImageUrl , .u3cd754eeb61263df7111ef8d68e030c2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3cd754eeb61263df7111ef8d68e030c2 , .u3cd754eeb61263df7111ef8d68e030c2:hover , .u3cd754eeb61263df7111ef8d68e030c2:visited , .u3cd754eeb61263df7111ef8d68e030c2:active { border:0!important; } .u3cd754eeb61263df7111ef8d68e030c2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3cd754eeb61263df7111ef8d68e030c2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3cd754eeb61263df7111ef8d68e030c2:active , .u3cd754eeb61263df7111ef8d68e030c2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3cd754eeb61263df7111ef8d68e030c2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3cd754eeb61263df7111ef8d68e030c2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3cd754eeb61263df7111ef8d68e030c2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3cd754eeb61263df7111ef8d68e030c2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3cd754eeb61263df7111ef8d68e030c2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3cd754eeb61263df7111ef8d68e030c2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3cd754eeb61263df7111ef8d68e030c2 .u3cd754eeb61263df7111ef8d68e030c2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3cd754eeb61263df7111ef8d68e030c2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Romeo's character analysis   EssayJuliet cant tell her parents about her marriage with Romeo as it will ruin the family resulting in more havoc between the Capulets and Montagues. The desperate solution that the Friar suggests is for Juliet to take a special remedy that she will take the day before her wedding. The remedy will make Juliet appear as if she is dead. She will then be placed in Capulets vault where Romeo will be. That copst with death himself to scape from it; And if thou darst, Ill give thee remedy. Small Romeo he my letters know our drift. And hither shall he come, and he and I, will watch thy waking. Juliets reaction is as if she does not care and would be willing to risk her life and is willing to risk her life for her love. Give me, give me! O tell me not of fear. At this point, her behaviour shows that she has had enough of her parents as she has had enough of her parents thinking about themselves rather than thinking of themselves rather than thinking how she feels: marrying her to someone she doesnt even know! She is amenable to do anything to get her true love. After Juliet informs her father that she is willing to marry Paris, her father is ecstatic. He quickly comments on the wedding, Ill have this knot knit up tomorrow morning. After so much happiness, he decides to change the wedding day to Wednesday instead of Thursday. This shows that he wants the wedding to knit up as quickly as possible so that Juliet doesnt change her mind and there are no other problems in preventing the marriage. His behaviour changes rapidly, which shows that he expects his daughter to be obedient towards him and that he is loving when she agrees with him. When Juliet is found dead, he says that it is the worst day. He starts describing the pale face and later mourns for her. This shows that he could have been concerned and caring father but he wanted the best for his daughter by marrying her to Paris, a family he trusts. I do not agree with the statement that Capulet is a concerned and caring father: wouldnt he have asked his daughter how she felt towards the marriage rather than forcing her to marry someone she did not know? Capulet did not want his daughter to marry at an early age so that she is not damaged. My child is yet a stranger to the world. He also will ask Juliet for her acquiescence instead of ignoring her and then forcing her into marriage. My will to her consent is but apart, and she agreed, within her scope of choice. The evidence against his view is that after finding out Juliets refusal to marry Paris, Capulet threatens to throw her out of the Capulet household. Mocking her hurt Juliet severely. Tallow face, Green sickness carrion! Obviously he doesnt seem as caring and concerned a father as he cant feel how his daughter is reacting and look at it from her point of her view. The plays context helps us understand the traditions of the times including arranged marriages and fathers expectations of daughters. The plot of the play helps us understand Capulets attitude and behaviour changes. Furthermore, it shows how he has his mood changes when things go his way: when Juliet agrees to marry Paris he is ecstatic moments after mocking her. Capulet is confronted with refusals which displease him. He now feels he has spoiled her and made her proud. Capulet does have a right to be disappointed with Juliet as he is her father but also after all the financial and security support he has given his daughter. On the other hand, he does not have a right to force Juliet into marriage. Threatening Juliet: I will drag thee on a hurdle thither would not change anything but discussing the matter would. Is threatening what a caring and concerned father would say or would he gently ask what is wrong and work something out together more willingly than thinking about the family reputation and wealth? .u6a9a06852a425a2b42e641ed65393710 , .u6a9a06852a425a2b42e641ed65393710 .postImageUrl , .u6a9a06852a425a2b42e641ed65393710 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6a9a06852a425a2b42e641ed65393710 , .u6a9a06852a425a2b42e641ed65393710:hover , .u6a9a06852a425a2b42e641ed65393710:visited , .u6a9a06852a425a2b42e641ed65393710:active { border:0!important; } .u6a9a06852a425a2b42e641ed65393710 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6a9a06852a425a2b42e641ed65393710 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6a9a06852a425a2b42e641ed65393710:active , .u6a9a06852a425a2b42e641ed65393710:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6a9a06852a425a2b42e641ed65393710 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6a9a06852a425a2b42e641ed65393710 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6a9a06852a425a2b42e641ed65393710 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6a9a06852a425a2b42e641ed65393710 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6a9a06852a425a2b42e641ed65393710:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6a9a06852a425a2b42e641ed65393710 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6a9a06852a425a2b42e641ed65393710 .u6a9a06852a425a2b42e641ed65393710-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6a9a06852a425a2b42e641ed65393710:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Act 3, Scene 4 - How would I play Malvolio EssayHe is responsible for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. This is because if he talked to Juliet and began to understand her feelings, then he could have put her out of her misery by negotiating with Romeos parents. Lord Capulets attitude reflects the attitudes of parents generally at the time because parents would have been authoritarian towards their children at that time. They would have expected their children to be obedient and well mannered. Capulets personality causes him to behave violently as he wants to be more successful than the Montagues. Shakespeare wrote the play to settle feuds between families at the time and give a strong message that life is not about wealth and greediness but about bonding and friendship. There is a message in the story for parents of today that forcing children into marriage and not communicating or considering the feelings of the child could have deadly consequences. Lord Capulets attitude towards his daughter is appalling. He has neither interest in nor understanding of how a father should treat and comfort his daughter. He may have mourned for her but he never got to see her true feelings. He treated her as if she was a toy: he played and used her when she was needed; took out his anger on her whenever and whatever the situation. He should have talked to his daughter more rather than planning weddings. He got to know the groom before he got to understand his daughters feelings.

Online Music Library Mangement System Project Proposal Essay Example

Online Music Library Mangement System Project Proposal Essay Nowadays, online application has become powerful tool for providing the most outstanding features of handling latest versions and new technology. This feature enables users to keep up with latest technology at low cost in relation to other desktop applications that becomes outdated quicker as time passes.As a result, online applications save money for not only maintenance costs, but also saving on the need to purchase new software once it’s no longer contending with the technologies that competitors are using. With the development of technology, the way we live our lives have definitely foster and been easier. Similarly, the traditional way of listening to music has been replaced by new technology within few recent years. Music is the science or art of ordering tones or sounds in succession, in combination, and in temporal relationships to produce a composition having unity and continuity. Merriam-Webster, 2013) In the earlier days, music was stored in the cassette and slowly onto CD, DVD, portable devices and now through internet. The development of an online management system for a music store primarily focuses on dealing with the transaction of songs through internet securely. Moreover, it allows registered members listen to the song online. Other features like band’s biography, their events and official merchandise of bands. With the development of a user-friendly interface environment, the music lovers can listen to their favourite artist on the go and even purchase tracks online through secured connection.Moreover, the user can read biography, discography, follow each and every events and purchase official merchandise of artists. Chapter 2 Aims and Objectives 2. 1 Aims The main aim of this project is develop an online system to buy songs online securely and listen to any song of our like on the go whenever, wherever provided that there is internet connectivity. Moreover, following favourite band’s events, discography, photos and buy their official merchandise. In the context of Nepal, this kind of concept is rarely practiced. A true fan can never miss any event of their favourite band. 2. 2 ObjectivesThe objectives of this project are listed below: * Requirement Analysis * Background Review by May 22 * SRS Document by July 29 * Designing * Wireframe Design by August 20 * Database Design by August 30 * User Interface Design by November 13 * Development * Database Development by November 25 * System Development by March 10 * Testing * Unit Testing by April 7 * Black Box Testing by April 10 * Non-functional Testing by April 11 Chapter 3 Background and Literature Review 3. 1 Background Music is the universal language. Every race and culture in human history has experienced music in one form or another.From the simple clapping of hands and the singing of a melody to the act of playing instruments, music is linked to our history our present and our future. Depending on how one defines music, you could say that every thing in the universe has music within it. Music can be defined as the organization of vibrations in time. So it is no longer just the obvious birds and whales and other animals that can make music, but also down to the microscopic scale, the vibrations of a cell or an atom can be considered music of a sort. Some even believe that the universe itself is simply one huge symphony, sending vibrations across time and space.Development of an online management system for a music store requires Java as programming language and MYSQL as data stores in order up to build up an absolute working system. Technology determines music. Despite the variety of sounds that could be called music and despite the many different animals, cultures, and time periods music has existed in, for virtually all of musical history there has been a common link. Music was always an active and present experience. If you wanted to hear music you had to either play it yourself or go listen to someone else perform.Five major music inventions in the last 100 years the phonograph, radio, home recording, the walkman, and digital music have in turn affected the musicians, the society, and the personal experience of how one listens to music. The digital age If any one event changed the way we listen to music it is the digital age. Digital music allowed people to send copies of songs across the world with a click of a button. You no longer had to know the person who was sharing their music with you, nor did it take any physical act besides clicking buttons. The music listening experience had changed once again.Now music was as most kids said it should be, mobile, unlimited, and most important, free. Napstar. Napstar, the most famous music swapping venue, was a revolution in music. Spencer E. Ante wrote about Napstar in a Business Week article before the company was forced to shut down. The companys bold new way of distributing music by enabling individuals to share each others personal music collections pioneered the creation of a much bigger idea: So-called peer-to-peer computing, a way of sharing information by hooking up the contents of an individuals computer into a global information index that others can use, Ante said (3).The way we listen to music has surly changed in the last one hundred years as we have seen. However, maybe we are not as isolated as it may appear on first blush. Yes, we can isolate ourselves with our i-pods as we walk down the street, but at the same time, we are connected to the whole world with our computers. The important thing to always remember is that music is and should always be a shared experience for people, a connection, and a real, tangible thing. Let us hope that the future does not take that from the world. (Ryals) 3. 2 Literature Review 3. 2. 1 Problem DomainDeveloping an online management system for a Music store primarily helps the musician, event organizers, and fans as a whole since their every demand can be fulfilled by a single syste m. For instance, uploading every detail about a Band can help to promote them while this system turns out to be the perfect spot for them as every fine details of the Band is uploaded. Moreover, fans are directly benefited by this system as well. They can explore new bands, read about them, follow their concerts, listen to the song, or even purchase album online or purchase their favourite artist’s merchandise.So, in order to meet all those requirements, a new system can be developed. 3. 2. 2 Similar System 3. 2. 2. 1 Metal-archives Encyclopaedia Metallum: The Metal Archives is a website which lists bands from various forms of heavy metal music. It was described as the Internets central database for all that is true in the metal world by Matt Sullivan of Nashville Scene. Terrorizer described the site as a fully-exhaustive list of pretty much every metal band ever, with full discographies, an active forum and an interlinking members list that shows the ever-incestuous beauty o f the metal scene†.Nevertheless, there are exceptions for bands which fall under disputed genres not accepted by the website. Encyclopaedia Metallum attempts to provide comprehensive information on each band, such as a discography, logos, pictures, lyrics, line-ups, biography, trivia and user-submitted reviews. The site also provides a system for submitting bands to the archives. The website is free of advertisements and is run completely independently. The Encyclopaedia Metallum was founded in July 2002 by two Canadians from Montreal using the pseudonyms HellBlazer and Morrigan. Metallum, 2013) Figure [ 1 ]: Homepage of www. metal-archives. com Figure [ 2 ]: Display of information of a Band (Discography) Figure [ 3 ]: Display of information of a band (Members) Figure [ 4 ]: Display of information of a band (Album reviews) Figure [ 5 ]: Display of information of a band (Related Links like Facebook, Myspace, Youtube etc. ) 3. 2. 2. 2 Metalstorm. ee Metal Storm (also known as Me talStorm. net, MetalStorm. ee, MetalStorm. eu or just MS) is a webzine specializing in various forms of heavy metal music.It is based in Tallinn, Estonia but caters to an international audience, symbolically recognized by the acquisition of an EU domain in 2008. As of September 2011, the website hosts 6334 band profiles, 6631 reviews, 493 interviews and 12021 news items. (Storm, 2013) Figure [ 6 ]: Homepage of www. metalstorm. ee Figure [ 7 ]: Display of information of Band Figure [ 8 ]: Display of information of a band 3. 2. 2. 3 Comparison between different systems | Metal-archives| Metalstorm. ee| New System| Login for members| Yes| Yes| Yes| Online buying of albums| No| No| Yes|Online Streaming of songs| No| No| Yes| Event notification| No| Yes| Yes| Upcoming Releases | Yes | Yes | Yes| RIP Notifications| Yes| No| Yes| Born Today| No| Yes| Yes| Submitting band details| Yes| Yes| Yes| 3. 2. 2. 4 Analysis and Conclusion The above comparison table shows different features of two on line management systems. Both Metal-Archives and Metalstorm. ee don’t include all the features. Both of the system does not allow online buying of albums and online streaming of songs whereas the proposed new system supports all these features and is advanced of all.Metal-archives and Metalstorm. ee both were developed for commercial purpose with the team of expertise developers but on the other hand I am undertaking this project as an individual which obviously needs huge effort. Chapter 4 Proposed method, tools and techniques 4. 1 Proposed Method For the development of this project evolutionary prototype is chosen. In this method a prototype of working system is developed to find out the additional and missing requirement. And those additional requirements can be added to make a final system. * Requirement analysis Background Review * Background study of the similar system will be carried out to compare the features to list out what additional feature can be added to make the proposed project a better one. * SRS Document * Documentation of the system will be done, including algorithm, pseudo code, flowchart, and decision table. * Designing * Wireframe design * In this phase a simple design will be done to know the overall skeletal working mechanism of the system. * Database Design * Database design includes ER diagram that shows the relation between objects. * Designing UI User interface will be designed for the beginning phase of the development and to know the flow of the program. * Development * Database Development * In this stage, database is deployed by connecting the entities to the program architecture. * System Development * In this stage, the core programming of system will be carried out. * Testing * Unit and Module Testing * In this testing phase each and every module and functions of the system will be tested from the ground level * Black Box Testing * In this phase, the program is thoroughly tested for functionality of the system from t he user’s perspective. Non-Functional Testing * In this phase, the non functions aspect of the system is tested. For eg. Changing the overall template of the system, getting notification by installing notification plug-in etc The Water fall model will not be chosen, as in this methodology is completely unrealistic since going back to previous phase in not possible. Similarly, prototype model will also not be chosen for this project because it will consume extra time during the development phase of the prototype and the prototype is useless afterwards. Spiral model needs large team so this model will not be chosen.However, enhanced waterfall model will be used as contingency plan as in this method we can go to previous phase and in every phase solid outcome is achieved. 4. 2 Tools I will use the following programming tools for the development of this system. * HTML HTML will be used to create outlines of required web-pages for the system interface. * CSS CSS will be used to de fine how HTML pages are displayed. It is much easier to maintain the appearance of a web page by using CSS. * PHP PHP will be used to code the core part of the system. * MYSQL In order to manage database, MYSQL will be used. * JavascriptJavaScript will be used in order to create highly responsive interfaces that improve the user experience and provide dynamic functionality, without having to wait for the server to react and show another page * Wamp Server Wamp Server will be used to test the webpages by creating a local host in the computer and manage database. 4. 3 Techniques The techniques I will be following are through: * Research * Consulting pre-existing similar projects 4. 4 Project Management Tools Since I am familiar with ZOHO project management system in my earlier semester, I will be using the same management tool for my easiness. . It is one of the effective and popular online project management tool 2. Interfaces are user-friendly and easy to use. 3. Creating Gantt-Char t is very easy. Chapter 5 Project boundaries, resources, constraints, risks, contingency plans 5. 1 Boundaries 1. Internet connectivity is mandatory in order to use the system 2. The use of this system is limited within the use of computers since it is not a mobile app 5. 2 Resources * Hardware Resources * Computer 5. 3 Constraints Well about the project constraint there might me some difficulties and delay in my project completion.Because, to develop this project one must need to learn about the development of an online management system and should develop the system at the same time. As novice developer, need to learn all of those skills and knowledge from basic. The quality of project solely depends upon the time and cost allocated for the project. Within the limited time boundary, resources, necessary technical skills, the expected quality of system may not be achieved. 5. 4 Risks 1. PHP might not appropriate working platform for the system 2. User might be confused using the s ystem due to its complexity 3.Browser may crash due to its high memory coverage 4. The project might not get as height as expected that may cause due to lack of proper knowledge and expertise on the system design 5. 5 Contingency Plans 1. Make backup of the overall progress of the project 2. ASP. NET can be used if the problem arises while developing the system by using PHP 3. As user might get confused using the system, at the first place of the system will show the step-by-step guidelines to the get familiar with the interface of the system. 4. If the system identifies memory deficiency and crashes, it sends report to its server for troubleshooting the problem.Chapter 6 Project Plan Milestones and Deliverables S. N| Milestones| Delivery | Completion Date| 1. | Requirement Analysis| Background ReviewSRS document| May 22July 29| 2. | Designing | WireframeDatabaseUser Interface| August 20August 30November 13| 3| Development | Database DevelopmentSystem Development| November 25March 10| 4| Testing | Delivery of system manual| April 10| 6. 1 Work Breakdown Structure Figure [ 9 ]: Work Break Down Structure 6. 2 Gantt Chart Figure [ 10 ]: Gantt Chart Reference Merriam-Webster, I. (2013). Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 04 13, 2013, from http://www. erriam-webster. com/: http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/music Metallum, E. (2013). Encyclopaedia Metallum: The Metal-Archives. Retrieved 03 20, 2013, from www. metal-archives. com: www. metal-archives. com Ryals, R. A. (n. d. ). The Evolution Of Listening Music. Retrieved 04 13, 2013, from http://iml. jou. ufl. edu/ Storm, M. (2013). Metal Storm. Retrieved 03 20, 2013, from www. metalstorm. ee: www. metalstorm. ee Kwok, S. H. , 2002. Digital Rights Management for the Online Music. ACM SIGecom Exchanges. AIM Corporation, n. d. Integrated CD Library Management Systemfor Broadcasting Companies.Kawasaki City, Kanagawa JAPAN: Mizonokuchi, Takatsu-ku. Hilton, J. L. , 2003. Digital Asset Management System. Educause. VRIES , A. P. D. , n. d. CONTENT AND MULTIMEDIADATABASE. The Netherlands: University of Twente. Appendix Supervisor Approval Form Student id number: 11069732| Name of student: Anis Dangol| Degree title: B. Sc (Hons. ) in Computing| Proposed title of project: Development of an online management system for a music store| Short description of project: With the development of technology, the way we live our lives have definitely foster and been easier.Similarly, the traditional way of listening to music has been replaced by new technology within few recent years. Music is the science or art of ordering tones or sounds in succession, in combination, and in temporal relationships to produce a composition having unity and continuity. (Merriam-Webster, 2013)In the earlier days, music was stored in the cassette and slowly onto CD, DVD, portable devices and now through internet.The development of an online management system for a music store primarily focuses on dealing with the transaction of song s through internet securely. Moreover, it allows registered members listen to the song online. Other features like band’s biography, their events and official merchandise of bands. | I confirm that I have discussed the ideas for my final year project with a lecturer who would supervise my project. | Signature of student:Date: May 3, 2013| Name of project supervisor:Mr. Prakash Shrestha| Signature of project supervisor:Date: May 3, 2013|

Anglo-Saxon Characteristics in society today essays

Anglo-Saxon Characteristics in society today essays What characteristics are necessary in our society today? Does society think that valor, selflessness, or loyalty is important? In Anglo-Saxon times those characteristics were what held their people together and without them their society would perish. Some people over look the benefits of having those characteristics and they are not always important to everyone, but for the most part, they are very necessary in our society. Selflessness means that instead of worrying or caring about oneself all the time a person does things for others. If a person is selfless they are willing to put their own needs aside and even may jeopardize their own safety for another. There are too many people in this world thinking about only their own well being. It is necessary to have people who devote their lives to helping others; otherwise we as a society would never survive. There is always a need for nurses, health care professionals and specialized doctors who like to help others in need. The next characteristic necessary to society is Loyalty. Loyalty is when a person is totally devoted to a place, person, thing, or religion and even when everything is against him for being devoted that person does not stray. There are some exceptions but for the most part many people in society today would not be willing to give up there life for our country. Back in the Anglo-Saxon days loyalty is what held a clan together. All the people would fight and defend until the death. Like the Anglo-Saxons many individuals in the Army, Navy, and Air Force are fighting for the United States every day. They are willing to give up everything they have to keep this country safe. That is being loyal. Its necessary for our society today to have the military and other people devoted to the United States because otherwise our country would fall apart. Lastly, valor means being brave and having courage. If our society didnt have valor we would...

Citizenship in Thailand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Citizenship in Thailand - Essay Example The generators of the nation-states tried to typify the people so that it would be easier for them to be controlled through the standardization of citizenship. However, individual rights as well as the formal correspondence of citizens have given rise to new-fangled limitations and borders, whereby, international disparities such as class, gender, ethnicity, and faction have been caused to be invisible by the national discourse fore the reason that it stressed on the completeness and unity, nevertheless, have failed to identify the prohibitions or disparities which people have experienced so far2. This paper talks about the background notions and discourse that associates to nationality as well as citizenship with meticulous reference to Thailand. With regards to the private laws and human rights and how it relates to the international law provisions as well as notions about nationality are a subject of concern here. In views of Huddleston and Kerr, in its simplest interpretation, citizenship refers to the stand of being a citizen or member of a particular community or state3. In such a sense, citizenship hinges upon certain rights and responsibilities which are described in the law. The rights could be the right to vote, the liability of paying tax, etc. Citizenship is sometimes construed as nationality which is interpreted when an individual mentions about applying or acquiring citizenship. The Thai constitution has served the segregation of the rules of play in the politics of Thailand. The sole rationale of subsequent constitutions as well as amendments has always been to provide and sustain the authority and benefit of whichever military or political faction occurred to be overriding enough at the time of proliferation4. Without appropriate citizenship, an individual in Thailand is efficaciously a non-person who is unable to vote, purchase land, look for legal vocation, and tour between regions. Moreover, they are denied admittance to secondary education and liberated government health care. The process of acquirement of Thai citizenship is quite an intricate process due to the snag of bureaucracy as well as substantial corruption. To acquire Thai citizenship, it is mandatory for an individual to prove that both he and one his blood parents were born in Thailand. More to it, a child in need of proving that one of his parents were born in Thailand, is initially supposed to prove that one of his grandparents was born in Thailand, and so on5 (Newsletter, 2008). 2.1 Governance Issues In terms of the governance concept, Thailand lacks the quintessential type. The judicial processes which are the foundation of facilitating the common citizen

Theories of Policy Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Theories of Policy Process - Essay Example The theory implies some policies can only change if certain restrains like stickiness and stakes of an institution are available. Policies are categorized into long-term policies and short-term policies. An example is if the country’s constitution states that a president should rule for two terms it is very difficult to implement a new policy, which suggests that the president must rule for one term, or three terms. Punctuated equilibrium theory seeks to explain simple observations like political processes. Political processes are continually associated with incrementalism and stability; they rarely produce large-scale departures from the past. Most policy areas experience stasis even though a crisis can occur. America is experiencing large-scale changes in policymaking and politics. Some Government programs can be altered in order to accommodate change. Strengths The theory includes periods of stasis or near equilibrium. In the event that an issue is seized by a subsystem and periods of disequilibrium, then a macro political agenda occurs. A macro political agenda can advance to the extent of causing changes in the policy process. Therefore, according to this theory small changes result in large changes. Weakness The theory is only applicable to situations facing stasis or equilibrium. In the event that there is no equilibrium variables and need for change, then the policy fails to exist. The Stage Heuristic Theory The theory states that the best way to study policymaking is to break it down to stages.

Porters Five Forces to Analyze the Competitive Environment in which Essay

Porters Five Forces to Analyze the Competitive Environment in which Ryanair operates Bargaining Power of Suppliers - Essay Example The customers of Ryanair are putting on them a lot of collective pressure so that they can lower the travel expenses and improve the quality of their airline services. The customers associated with Ryanair are enjoying a higher bargaining power since switching to other airlines with better services is very easy with little or no costs. In the case of Ryanair, the substitutes for their transport systems include railways, sea transport, and road transport and any strategy by them poses a threat to Ryanair profitability. However, Ryanair is still able to operate at a lower cost, leading to lower cost of services that attract more customers. The threat of new entrants in this industry is relatively low due to high costs involved in the initial stages of the business set up that many cannot afford. Economics of scale can only be enjoyed by big players like Ryanair and this makes other possible investors be scared away (O’Cuilleannain, Falle, Sobokta, Kleinert, Chassart, Farrell, 2004). There is also difficulty in gaining access to distribution channels that poses a barrier to new entrants. Since the airline industry is highly fragmented, competition is very high leading to low returns. In order to survive, Ryanair is constantly coming up with unique business models in order to outweigh their competitors and make reasonable profits. Ryanair is luck since it is based in Europe whereby European Union is a complete stable political region that provides a good environment for business to thrive. The integration of the European Union has provided an opportunity for this airline industry to expand its operations very swiftly without hurdles (Muller, 2011). The operations of Ryanair are also affected by the OPEC since its an organization that determines the fuel prices that Ryanair operates on.

Environmental Degradation In Rural Bangladesh Environmental Sciences Essay

Environmental Degradation In Rural Bangladesh Environmental Sciences Essay Introduction Today, as people in developed countries generally enjoy a high standard of living, at the other end of the spectrum, the poor in developing countries are struggling to make ends meet. 22% of the population in developing countries live on less than $1.25 daily and 75% of these people live in rural areas (The World Bank, 2012). This group of rural poor are the greatest victims of environment degradation. In this essay, by looking at the case study of Bangladesh, we will get a deeper insight into why the poor puts great pressure on the environment. In turn, we will uncover why environmental degradation affects the poor most severely resulting in the reinforcement of environmental degradation. Thereafter, we will explore some possible measures to help developing counties like Bangladesh to break out from the vicious cycle of poverty and environmental degradation. Environmental consequences of poverty Although majority of researchers have attributed poverty as a key factor for causing environmental degradation, we have to note that other factors such as profit motives, and institutional failures are also responsible for environmental degradation. Nevertheless unlike other factors, poverty and environmental degradation shares a unique relationship that causes them to reinforce each other in a vicious cycle. We would first look at how poverty causes environmental degradation. In Bangladesh more than 40% of the population lives below the international poverty line and are vulnerable to food insecurity and natural disaster (Aid Effectiveness, 2009). 85% belong to the rural poor (Drakenberg, 2006). Bangladesh faces a series of environmental problems including deforestation, land degradation, air pollution, water shortage and contamination, as well as loss of biodiversity. The poor play a vital role in influencing these aspects of environmental degradation. Firstly, poverty leads to deforestation. The existing natural forests in Bangladesh are decreasing at a rate varying from 2.1% /year to 3.3% /year (Rahman, 2012). This is due to exploitation of forest resources for commercial logging, fuel wood collection as well as agricultural land expansion. Commercial logging provides a viable income for the poor as the timber logs could be sold for cash. This monetary benefit could encourage more trees to be felled resulting in unsustainable deforestation. Bangladesh has a high fertility rate, due to desire for more children to help in the fields and for social support in old age. The growing population requires more trees would have to be felled to provide fuel for their cooking needs. There will also be a need to increase food production for the larger population causing large tracts of forest to be cleared and converted into agricultural land for growing of crops. Deforestation, with loss of forest cover is responsible for soil erosion and lo ss of fertile top soil decreases agricultural productivity. Secondly, poverty contributes to land degradation. Land degradation arises due to soil exhaustion, salinization and desertification. Similarly, due to population growth with poverty, multiple cropping with a shorter fallow period was done to increase food supply. To increase land productivity, farmers use fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides heavily. These methods of intensive land use may be effective in increasing agricultural output in the short term. However in the long run the soil would gradually lose its nutrients, land is degraded and desertification creeps in. Though irrigation is helpful in ensuring stable water supply for crops all year round, mismanaged irrigation due to lack of knowledge of rural farmers could result in reverse osmosis and accumulation of salt (Duraiappah, 1996). This causes a backlash and soil productivity drops. Thirdly, poverty affects water resource. Irrigation reduces ground water which may result in a water shortage if there is insufficient water for the large rural population. In the north-western part of Bangladesh, aquifer level of ground water was lowered when extraction of ground water for irrigation is not adequately recharged and coupled with high rate of evaporation (Mahbuba Nasreen, 2006). Furthermore, Bangladesh faces problem of water contamination due to fertilizers and pesticide run-off from the farmlands. In 2002, more than the 65% of the countrys population were at risk of arsenic poisoning. 61 of the 64 districts had arsenic levels which were found to be above the national accepted standard of 0.05 mg/litre (Mahbuba Nasreen, 2006). Lastly, poverty contributes to air pollution. The poor depend on biomass and firewood for fuel. The burning of these fuels degrades the air quality and can cause respiratory problems. Although there are substitute fuels which are less harmful to the environment, the poor have yet to gain access to them and may not be able to afford. Moreover, due to a lack of education, the rural poor may not have the knowledge on how to protect their living environment. They extract more resources from the forest to meet the needs of the growing population, not taking into consideration the externality cost of resource loss since access to the forest is free and unrestricted. To them, the immediate needs are of priority and they dont tend to plan far for the future due to the uncertainties of life. As a result, the poor have no qualms about the unsustainable land use practices and lack vision for long-term optimal resource management. This mindset is detrimental to the long term sustainability of environmental resources and unplanned use of resources is likely to result in environment degradation. The mindset of the poor has led to loss of biodiversity where flora and fauna as well as wetlands are overexploitation. In Bangladesh, inland and coastal capture fisheries have declined and about 30% of inland fish species have become endangered (Drakenberg, 2006). Environmental degradation reinforce poverty Firstly, the rural poor are most vulnerable to environmental degradation because they rely heavily on the fragile natural resources for their daily living. 55% of rural women work as farmers in the field, and they rely on the environment for fuel wood, food and water. Desertification is detrimental to the poor as it affects their supply of basic needs from forest resources. Over extraction of water for irrigation leads to lowering of ground water level and water becomes salinized, causing a severe shortage of drinking water.In Bangladesh, rural women are responsible for collecting fuel wood, water and food for family consumption from forest. Deforestation and water shortage causes shrink in food and water availability and women have to work harder and travel further to search for resources. This enduring task is demanding on their health and scarcity of food could lead to malnutrition (Jahan, 2008). The poor being reliant on natural resources for basic needs and agricultural land for food, is offered hardly any food security due to the fragile nature of the natural environment. When their agricultural land becomes less fertile due unattainable land use practices, the familys income is drastically reduced; the poor remain in their vicious cycle of poverty and their basic needs and nutrition could be compromised. Likewise near the coastal areas, the poor rely on wetlands for capture fishery as their main source of food and income. With the destruction of wetlands for conversion to shrimp cultivation area, it drastically reduces the vulnerable food supply of the poor and increased salinity over coastal land endangers their health. Secondly, environmental degradation affects the poor most severely as they are the group that continues to live in places facing land degradation as these polluted areas are cheaper to live in. Being unable to afford to move to a better land, the poor are exposed to Arsenic pollution from contaminated water sources (Mahbuba Nasreen, 2006). The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that, 37 million people in developing countries suffer chronic poisoning due to exposure to toxic pesticides from working in fields that use chemical fertilizers and pesticides extensively (Jahan, 2008). The poor also have to make do with cheaper source of fuel for cooking and heating. Burning fuel wood and dung causes respiratory infections affecting women and children, causing child mortality. Vicious cycle of poverty and environment degradation Source: Poverty and environment, 2000, Figure 9.2 Vicious Cycle of Poverty and Environment Degradation in Developing Countries, pp. 201. As seen in the context of Bangladesh, farmers hard-pressed by population growth and increasing poverty overexploit natural resources and extend cropping onto fragile marginal lands which results in a loss of sustainability and environmental degradation. Decline in agricultural productivity on degraded lands then triggers poverty which in turn forced many farmers to continue degrading their land further to extract subsistence output (Duraiappah, 1996). Overtime, this phenomenon creates the vicious circle between poverty and environmental degradation as seen in the diagram above. Urbanisation further aggregate environmental degradation and worsen life of the rural poor. Government may allocate more funds to support the growing industry of engineering, electronics and information technology which would generate more income for the economy (United Nations ESCAP, 2010). Conversely, the agriculture sector would receive less funds and manpower is reduced with young men moving to work in urban areas. This leaves behind the elderly and women to manage the marginal agricultural lands. Urbanisation causes air pollution from vehicular and industrial emissions, loss of biodiversity from human interference to natural habitats and deforestation which contributes to global warming. The poor at the receiving end become victims to these problems. In many developing countries, governments generally do not address the sustainability issues if there is little public pressure and they find no political rewards in enhancing environmental quality. Nevertheless for developing countries to achieve environmental sustainability, support from the government is definitely essential. As highlighted, the poor are the biggest victims of environmental degradation; conversely poverty can exacerbate ecological problems. To ensure long term environmental sustainability, possible measures needs to target poverty alleviation and environmental management. Possible measures to achieve sustainable development Source: National sustainable development strategy, 2008, Figure 3.1 schematic representation of the vision, strategic priority areas and cross-cutting areas, pp. 6. In 2008, Bangladeshs government came out with a national sustainable development strategy (NSDS) to guide the country towards alleviating poverty and environmental problems. As shown in the table above, the strategy aims to achieve sustainable development by ensuring sustainable economic growth, agricultural and rural development, social security and environment management (DOE, 2008). Having sustainable economic growth means to accelerate growth while ensuring environmental sustainability. Bangladesh strives to ensure economic growth with higher private investment, increased inflow of FDIs and effective trade policies (DOE, 2008). It includes the agricultural sectors in the economic progress by providing them with electricity, roads, and telecommunications to improve connectivity with urban areas. One possible direction for sustainable economic growth is to promote investment in renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy and hydroelectricity. Bangladesh has abundant sunlight year round, wind and high energy waves; this can generate profits and reduce air pollution from fuel burning (M. S. Islam, 2011). Agricultural and rural development measures ensure food security for the growing population without causing environment degradation. Crop productivity can be increase with agriculture diversification and improved technologies. To reduce reliance on irrigation and lower risk of salinization, storage of surface water is enhanced and rainwater harnessed. To prevent deletion of marine fisheries resource, fishing is regulated avoid over exploitation. To enhance forest biodiversity, forest protected area could be extended and rural folks could be educated with knowledge on sustainable resource use (DOE, 2008). Social security is achieved with sanitation, shelter and empowerment through education. It involves provision of housing facilities, clean drinking water, electricity, medical services and ensuring food security for all (DOE, 2008). Additionally, primary and secondary education is made available and compulsory for all, enabling empowerment of the poor. Environment management protects the environment and its resources. To manage water shortage and contamination, water conservation is encouraged and pollution sources are identified and managed. Loss of biodiversity is addressed by monitoring unsustainable consumption of biological resources. Also, scientific and traditional knowledge are to be integrated to effectively conserve the ecosystem. Most importantly, environmental sustainability considerations need to be integrated in policies concerning forest, water, land, agriculture, industry and energy (DOE, 2008). Conclusion As discussed, poverty and environmental degradation has close interlinks and reinforce each other. Poverty is a key contributing factor to various environmental problems of deforestation, land degradation, air and water pollution, and loss of biodiversity. Consequently, environmental degradation has the greatest impact on the poor, causing them to be ever more vulnerable and having to further degrade the environment to meet their basic needs and ensure survival. To achieve sustainable development in developing countries like Bangladesh, possible measures would have to target both poverty alleviation and environmental sustainability. Likewise these measures would work best if backed by strong government support and properly planed and organized. Bangladeshs elaborated NSDS shows a strong commitment to solve environmental issues and ensure a better standard of living for current and future generation. Nevertheless, it is still too early to determine the effectiveness of the strategies; time will tell if Bangladesh is able to break free from the vicious cycle of poverty and environmental degradation.

Elizabethan Society Exposed in King Lear Essay -- King Lear Essays

Blood gushing from stabbed eyes. Sipping poison slipped by one’s very own sister. Fathers turning against their sons. Such are the horrid outcomes of the characters in King Lear. Shakespeare has written one of the greatest tragedies of all time with this play and from the very start, has provided no cushion of happiness for his viewers. They are immediately thrust into a world of turmoil-Lear’s favorite daughter is banished by him, Gloucester is deceived by his younger son, Lear is sent into a storm by his ungrateful heirs†¦and the list goes on. Yet, what is it that causes these wretched consequences? Is it because there are many diabolical personalities in the play? Many mistakes made by fathers in disbelieving their trustworthy children? No. The answer is that society is ultimately responsible for the end results of the play. The world of King Lear demonstrates for the audience, by illustrating with its various characters and their doings that a s ociety built around a social hierarchy and material wealth will always be a place of unhappiness, filled with people committing wicked actions. Shakespeare scribbled King Lear away between the years 1603 and 1606. This was a tumultuous time because Queen Elizabeth I had died but had left no heir and no husband to seize her monarchy. Therefore, the citizens were worried and the competition for her regency was strong. In writing the play, Shakespeare broached this uneasy topic by creating the character King Lear, who is unsure of whom to pass down his power too. Thus, Shakespeare builds a setting with many of the current concerns and problems of his Elizabethan world (yet they are approached in a disguised manner). This time period in England was one where... ...me blind while if the sisters had never stolen their father’s trust, he would never have gone crazy, Goneril would never have poisoned Regan and committed suicide and Cordelia would not have died. Thus, the tragic parts in the tragedy would not exist just as a world without the unhappiness would be happy. Works Cited â€Å"King Lear: Background on Shakespeare.† PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2014. . Signet Classic Edition Teacher’s Guide. Hern, Leigh Ann; Ellis, W. Gieger; Reed, Aretha J. S. (co-eds.), Penguin. Web Shakespeare, William, Barbara A. Mowat, and Paul Werstine. The Tragedy of King Lear. New York: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, 2009. Print. â€Å"The Stucture of Elizabethan Society.† Walter Nelson. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2014. .

Importance Of Financial Planning Essay

Money may not be the most important thing in life. Nevertheless, it is still important. Every single revolves around money, from the time we open our eyes till the time we go to bed (and even while we are asleep). If only money grows on trees, then financial planning would not be such a headache, would it? Financial planning is a systematic way of organizing our financial affairs in the most effective and efficient manner in order to achieve our life goals. And success is defined as the attainment of one’s goals. In short, it is truly a key of success. Sense Of Direction In Life Through proper financial planning, we can look at what is more important and meaningful to us. Then we can organize effectively our finances and our lives around those things so that we do not end up on the wrong wall. Understanding Sacrifices -Though our wants are infinite, unfortunately, our resources are finite. Financial planning would help us realize and understand that in life, there is always sacrifice to be made. If we really want to achieve our important goals, we need to exercise Delayed Gratification and able to distinguish between needs and wants. Coping Easier With Changes In Life -The only constant in life is Change and learning to cope with changes early in life would be a plus point. We are better prepared to face these challenges in life if we have done proper financial planning. Creating Wealth -Wealth creation is not a sprint but a marathon for it takes time, discipline and a lot of financial stamina. With the help of a qualified investment advisor, we can select the most appropriate investments that suit our risk appetite to achieve our desired goals. Enriching Our Lives -Financial Planning does not merely enrich us financially but also physically, emotionally and mentally. Without the financial stress. We will able to focus on other important aspects of out lives like our health, our relationship with family and friends and devoting our time to other charitable causes. Security – Through proper risk management and insurance planning. We will be able to provide our loved ones and ourselves with total peace of mind while we go about living out lives and building our wealth. Success -That’s exactly what financial planning aims to achieve- helping us realize our life goals. Our goals should not be just having a lot of money in our bank accounts but rather what can money do for us. http://www.akpk.org.my/Articles/YOUNGADULTS/THEIMPORTANCEOFFINANCIALPLANNINGAKEYTOSU/tabid/168/Default.aspx

Free Essays on Twiggy

â€Å"At 17, Leslie Hornby took hold of the world. At 21, she let it go. She was the original waif, a 60’s phenomenon- a superstar. She was Twiggy, (Cheever Page 74). Leslie Hornby was the revolutionary woman who changed the idea of beauty in the eyes of the fashion industry and the entire world. She exemplified the androgynous mod look that swept America as it had Britain and much of Europe in the 1960’s. Standing at 5 feet 6  ½ inches and weighing in at 90 pounds, the nickname â€Å"Twiggy† was derived. Twiggy’s popularity not only influenced many people to try and imitate her look, but also drastically influenced the rise in power of models in the fashion industry. She was a role model and revolutionary for today’s top models, but her popularity also brought along with it the irrational image of the ideal woman. Twiggy was a major trendsetter in America during the sixties, even though she hailed from England. While working as a shampoo girl in a salon, she was discovered by Nigel Davies, who saw her potential and immediately took her to a trendy salon in London to get a haircut. The owner put her picture in his shop window, and a short time later that picture was featured in the London Daily Express with a caption that read, â€Å"This is the face of 1966† (â€Å"Twiggy: Click! Click!†). After discovering the fifteen year-old with the 31-22-32 figure, Davies- who preferred to be called Justin De Villeneuve- became Twiggy’s agent and boyfriend at age 25. He took her to Paris and a short while after her popularity grew, she was put on the cover of Elle magazine, as well as Paris Match, and the British edition of Vogue. During Twiggy’s peak success in Europe, De Villeneuve set up Twiggy Enterprises, Ltd., where he gathered a line of clothes, false eyelashes, cosmetics, dolls, and posters all endorsed by Twiggy (â€Å"The Twig†). The enterprising aspect of being a top model began with Twiggy and her influence i... Free Essays on Twiggy Free Essays on Twiggy â€Å"At 17, Leslie Hornby took hold of the world. At 21, she let it go. She was the original waif, a 60’s phenomenon- a superstar. She was Twiggy, (Cheever Page 74). Leslie Hornby was the revolutionary woman who changed the idea of beauty in the eyes of the fashion industry and the entire world. She exemplified the androgynous mod look that swept America as it had Britain and much of Europe in the 1960’s. Standing at 5 feet 6  ½ inches and weighing in at 90 pounds, the nickname â€Å"Twiggy† was derived. Twiggy’s popularity not only influenced many people to try and imitate her look, but also drastically influenced the rise in power of models in the fashion industry. She was a role model and revolutionary for today’s top models, but her popularity also brought along with it the irrational image of the ideal woman. Twiggy was a major trendsetter in America during the sixties, even though she hailed from England. While working as a shampoo girl in a salon, she was discovered by Nigel Davies, who saw her potential and immediately took her to a trendy salon in London to get a haircut. The owner put her picture in his shop window, and a short time later that picture was featured in the London Daily Express with a caption that read, â€Å"This is the face of 1966† (â€Å"Twiggy: Click! Click!†). After discovering the fifteen year-old with the 31-22-32 figure, Davies- who preferred to be called Justin De Villeneuve- became Twiggy’s agent and boyfriend at age 25. He took her to Paris and a short while after her popularity grew, she was put on the cover of Elle magazine, as well as Paris Match, and the British edition of Vogue. During Twiggy’s peak success in Europe, De Villeneuve set up Twiggy Enterprises, Ltd., where he gathered a line of clothes, false eyelashes, cosmetics, dolls, and posters all endorsed by Twiggy (â€Å"The Twig†). The enterprising aspect of being a top model began with Twiggy and her influence i...

Ask a Literary Publicist Submit Your Questions

Ask a Literary Publicist Submit Your Questions Ask an Award-Winning Literary Publicist: Submit Your Questions Book publicity is one of the toughest skills to master as a self-publishing author. With the sheer number of titles being released every year - and with the decline of book features and reviews in traditional media - it's becoming harder for independent authors to 'place' their stories. With this in mind, we wanted to shed some light on the topic and help writers better understand their realistic publicity options.Sandra Goroff is a veteran award-winning literary publicist. In her 30-year (and counting!) career, she has worked in-house at  Houghton Mifflin and represented authors the likes of Clive Cussler, Maurice Sendak, Chris Van Allsburg, Hollywood legend Kirk Douglas, and former president Jimmy Carter. Over the next few weeks, Sandra will be answering your questions on book publicity in a recurring blog segment that we're (predictably) calling "Ask an Award Winning Publicist."How can I submit a question? Questions, thoughts, opinions? Feel free to share them all in the comments below.

Finance and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Finance and Management - Essay Example This involves the value of raw materials, the work in progress and the finished goods ready for sale. It is the work of the cost accountants to place all costs under consideration so that they are able to determine the value of all inventories (Martin & Wolf, 2008). Cost accounting system has a function of bringing maximum efficiency in an organization. Cost efficiency would ensure that direct material costs, labor and manufacturing are identified and cost controls performed well. This is done by calculating all these costs, adding them up and calculating the cost per unit. Cost accounting systems also facilitates the decision-making systems in any form of organization. The decisions made are both long-term strategic and short-term decisions. In decision making estimated costs are compared to the actual costs and this is only applicable in organizations, which undertake budgeting as one of their strategic objectives (Martin & Wolf, 2008). Product costs are major components of any pro duct manufacturing system. Product costs are traced all the way from the costs of manufacturing up to the point when production is complete. When the company uses the throughput method costs are traced from the least cost methods all the way to the product cost, on the contrary the activity-based method would trace the cost of the product from the highest amount to the least product cost. There are four major costing methods:- Throughput method, direct costing method, full absorption costing method and the activity based costing method (Martin & Wolf, 2008). Throughput method was developed to complement the constraint theory, the method only charges direct material costs to the product cost with the other remaining costs being expensed in the process. The method is simple since it involves the subtraction of direct costs from the sales and there we have our product costs. This method is not recognized for external reporting since it does not provide proper matching as defined by the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), this is despite the fact that it provides rich data for internal reporting (Martin & Wolf, 2008). The other method is the Direct or variable method. Here capitalization if done on only variable manufacturing costs with the other costs being expensed in the period when they are incurred. This method is not also recommended for external reporting since like the throughput method it does not follow the matching principle as per the GAAP. Full absorption method also referred to as the full costing method applies all the manufacturing costs to the product hence the costs do not become expenses until all the goods are sold and therefore the method adheres to the GAAP principles in a bigger way. This method is therefore useful for external reporting by most companies. It is frequently used for internal reporting as well (Martin & Wolf, 2008). Activity based costing is the most modern approach and it is used mainly in product costing. This p roduct cost method was devised to help in the determination of accurate product costs a challenge that is rampant in the operations of most companies. This method quantifies the costs by firstly tracing the costs to their respective activities and thereafter in the second phase, the costs are traced to the products that use the activities. This method is based on the fundamental claims that activities in normal occurrences consume resources and the

Manufacturing process for rear spoiler for formula 1 Coursework

Manufacturing process for rear spoiler for formula 1 - Coursework Example Since the rear wing assembly is made from carbon fibre, it has very low weight coupled with high strength and rigidity. In terms of rigidity, it is comparable to steel, although it is roughly 5 times lighter. The drawback is the high material costs and the multifaceted process of manufacturing. It is of note that 1m2 – one square metre – of pre-impregnated carbon fibre sheet cost ranges from â‚ ¬50 to â‚ ¬200. A typical F1 rear wing is build with around 210m2 of pre-impregnated sheet of carbon fibre costing in the region of â‚ ¬42,000 to make the carbon fibre components alone. The rear wing is manufactured to weigh only 10 kgs (Moore 2012). The manufacturing process of an F1 rear wing is a complex process. The process initially begins with manufacturing the carbon-fibre pieces to be used in making the rear wing. At first, the rear wing is designed on the computer using Computer Aided Design (CAD). The data is then processed and acts as a foundation for Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM). With the use of a 5-axis milling machine, the form is then cut into a tooling block which will essentially serve as a positive mould (Sauber Motorsport 2014). The laminators place the pre-shaped pieces of carbon fibre on to this tooling block. When this process is finished, the whole item is bundled into a polythene bag. It will then be vacuum-sealed and put in an autoclave wherein it gets cured for between 10 hours to 20 hours at a temperature of roughly 50Â °C. After a few last touches, the resultant negative mould is then ready to be utilized in manufacturing the actual carbon fibre component – the rear wing (Anderson 2013). ). In manufacturing the rear wing, 2 sets of aerofoils which essentially make up the F1 rear wings are made separately. The lower aerofoil comprises one element; it is smaller than the upper aerofoil and provides some downforce. The upper aerofoil comprises 1 element and provides the most downforce and it varies from one

Traffic Rage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Traffic Rage - Essay Example always on the look out for people who create disturbance and scenes on the road and in essence hinder the smooth running of vehicles on the pathways. However traffic rage is a wholly different phenomenon which deals with congestion of traffic on the roads when the traffic is caught up in a deadlock for hours and hours at a stretch. Traffic rage, similar to road rage brings in frustration, tension and all sorts of problems that the motorists usually face in such a situation. Traffic rage is essentially linked with the problem that a person is going through while he is unable to control his temper and anger in the wake of knowing that the vehicles behind him and in front of him are stuck in the same quagmire and he cannot do anything about it. This non-control of emotions and feelings and making them public in a physical or verbal sense is a direct example of what traffic rage can literally be like. An important factor here is to understand that the traffic rage does not lay courtesy the vehicle under question or objects that leads to it in the first place, rather it is due to the state of affairs of the person who undertakes the act of traffic rage which quintessentially governs the whole state of mind that he is in, forced or unforced. Furthermore, it also accounts to the person’s non-understanding nature and lack of thinking and eventually acting ability which leads him to flow with the emotions and feelings that he just fails to control the sa me and thus end up in problems at a later stage. On a more personal note, my traffic rage stems from the fact that I was getting late for work on that particular morning and there was just so much traffic that I knew for sure that I would end up being late at the office. I just could not make myself to understand the situation at hand and kept on continuing criticizing the government’s and law enforcement agencies’ state of affairs. I was constantly bickering within my car which everyone around (in their cars) could

Opression in a Thousand Splendid Suns Essay Example for Free

Opression in a Thousand Splendid Suns Essay Taslima Nasrin once said: â€Å"Those religions that are oppressive to women are also against democracy, human rights, and freedom of expression. † This quote also applies to a book called a thousand splendid suns by Khaled hosseini and Deepa Metha’s Film Water. A thousand splendid suns in a book about two women in Afghanistan with an abusive husband. They struggle for survival and for their human rights that have been overlooked by the Taliban and a patriarchal society. Water is a movie about widows living in India. They are sent to the country side to live with other widows supposedly so they can live pure lives. In actuality they are cast aside and denied the basic respect all humans deserve. Ironically, the only way they can make enough money to survive is by committing acts as impure as it gets. They are forced to turn to prostitution. These two stories show that a cultural society’s refusal to change religious practices causes the oppression of women. The characters Mariam, kalyani, and chuyia demonstrate this. Mariam is a woman living in Afghanistan from the book A Thousand Splendid Suns. Mariam grew up very poor living in a small hut excluded from society. As a child she was taught only to endure and was never given the opportunity to stand up for herself. Mariam was the daughter of a maid that her father Jalil had an affair with and he was very ashamed of this. To solve this â€Å"problem† he got rid of her. Jalil married her off to a much older man named Rasheed. Shortly after the start of their marriage, Rasheed rapes her. He justifies it with the Quran. â€Å"‘It’s what married people do. It’s what the prophet himself and his wives did. There is no shame. ’† (Hosseini, 77). In this quote Rasheed refers to the prophet Muhammad in the Quran. This shows how Rasheed perverted the events Quran, the sacred Islamic text, to justify the rape of a young girl who hadn’t even turned 16. Marrying young girls still in their teens is an old custom that is embedded in Islam and the Afghan culture. Society’s refusal to change this practice caused the ruthless humiliation of a young girl and in the long run made the oppression of all women an accepted practice. Kalyani is a character in the movie Water. She is a widow most likely in her 20s who never met her husband. Her husband died shortly after her marriage and was sent to the ashram as a young girl. Since she is the only young widow in the ashram she is forced to turn to prostitution to bring in extra money so the widows can at least have enough money for 1 meal a day. Her entire life story shows the subjugation of women. She was married at around the age of 10 because of religious traditions that have not changed in hundreds of years. This tradition has given men the power to oppress women. This oppression is shown through the death of the husband. If the husband dies before the wife, the wife is sent away. If the opposite happen the husband is free to remarry as he pleases. This happens because of the religious belief that when a husband dies, half of the woman also dies. This makes it easier to mistreat women because it makes them seem less than human. It is also believed that the death of a husband is punishment for something done in a previous life. Society’s refusal to change theses Hindi beliefs and practices create the oppression of women by making their mistreatment seem justified and by making them seem less than human. Chuyia is a young girl who was married at the age of 8 and was widowed the next day. She doesn’t even remember getting married but is forced to suffer the same fate as Kalyani. She is young and innocent and her innocence causes her to question practices that everyone else simply accepts. Deepa Metha uses this character to point out inconsistencies in the Hindi religion and traditional society. At one point in the story she asks why there isn’t a place for men to go if they are widowed. She is quickly ridiculed by both men and women. This event shows that the refusal to change religious practices has brainwashed both men and women to accept and even endorse the oppression of women. Taslima Nasrin words are clearly tied to the theme of these two stories. She explains in her quote that a religion cannot be providing people basic rights if it discriminates against women. The theme reiterates the same message by declaring that religion can sometimes cause oppression of women. These three characters show how traditions and old religious practices have made the oppression of women possible all over the world. By displaying this message in the authors’ books and movies, the authors hope to encourage all people around the world to not follow blindly old traditions and practices. They want people to decide for themselves what is right and what is wrong. When people fail to do this, bad things start happening such as the oppression, humiliation, and subjugation of women who are actually just as intelligent, strong, and able as any man.